Job Field: Sector in General

  • SCM Product Manager

    SCM Product Manager

    Job description
    SCM Product Manager will be responsible for delivery on product P&L and agreed KPIs. Active monitoring of business metrics and performance of large customers in the area. Set up performance monitoring tools, in conjunction with other team members, and manage periodic exercises of budget-setting. Provide support to IMEA areas as subject matter expert through stages of pursuit, on-boarding and stable operations. Help the area operations leadership identify gaps on product fundamentals and bridge those through best practice sharing.We OfferAt DAMCO, we believe that a long-term successful career happens when there is a match between what you are passionate about, what you are good at and what is needed by our business. A successful career will include a variety of experiences that stretch you, bring you out of your comfort zone and offer you an opportunity to learn and grow in ways that also build our business.Key Responsibilities
    Regional focal for annual charge review process which entails deep-diving on major cost influencers, corresponding revision of existing or new charges and getting sign-off from regional and global board for IMEA. Ensure successful implementation
    Drive performance management and governance of the SCM product at Revenue, CM1 and EBIT levels with areas
    Processes to establish/ forecast trends on business volumes and profitability performance based on information on customer outlook, costs, lost or gained customers etc.
    Use the data collected from various stake holders in building effective quarterly forecasts on product performance for the area.
    Collaborate with CSOs for better procurement/ cost management to drive product margin
    Work with area operations and finance heads to build discipline on financial processes such that P&L variances are minimal and predictable
    Subject Matter Expert to increase awareness on SCM services, tools & techniques, identifying knowledge gaps and provide inputs to area/ country leadership and HR function for training
    Growing SCM revenue by introducing new services, modelling controlled business on SCM platform or supporting global efforts to land new business.
    Co-opt with regional product team members for new pricing solutions suited to markets in IMEA, including cross-product pricing
    Co-opt with regional product team members for sharing best practices on CFS / depot operations. Combine with local requirements (customs, regulatory)
    Gather market information on sector development and plans declared by Damco’s key customers within areas.
    Keep abreast with developments on the product across the network. Make them available for use for nominated and controlled business based on cost-benefit analysis.
    Other Responsibilities
    Monitor performance at customer level for large and medium sized customers. Support existing customer management as needed and case to case basis
    Support SCM team’s training and development through course designing and material creation
    Perform other position related duties as specified by management
    Who we are looking forExperience
    Minimum 7 years of experience in supply chain or logistics experience preferably in a logistics provider, multinational company
    5+ years’ experience in the analysis, design and operations of International supply chains
    First-hand knowledge of business operations preferred.
    Skills
    Strong quantitative and analytical skills, as well as qualitative and presentation skills
    Understanding of key financial metrics that impact the P&L
    Proven ability to execute against tight deadlines.
    Ability to work independently and also be a team player
    Ability to network effectively and be a team player with global community
    Quick learner of complex systems, reporting tools and new IT developments in context of the core business
    Language
    The position requires excellent English in written and verbal communication skills

  • Africa Compliance Officer

    Africa Compliance Officer

    Key Responsibilities
    Understand business strategy and objectives
    Act as a strategic advisor and partner with the business to develop compliant solutions
    Champion of the GEC function by promoting the value-add we bring
    Coach relevant GSK staff on the Values and Expectations
    Development and oversight of direct reports (where applicable).
    Implementation of compliance programs by translating global requirements into local specifications, including any relevant training
    Design and ensure implementation of the Internal Control Framework that enables risk oversight and effective controls.
    Act as a change leader for cutting edge practices and standardisation, where appropriate, to simplify the complexity of our practices.
    Promote a Values-based culture through encouragement of, among other things, Speak Up
    Engage with external parties to promote and defend GSK’s industry ethical lead and shape the external environment
    Partner with the business to develop and oversee completion of CAPAs resulting from investigations, monitoring, audits or inspections
    Oversee CIT investigations and manage stakeholders
    As a key member of RMCB and Country Executive Board, encourage discussion of relevant, significant risks and ensure that issues and conclusions are escalated upwards and consistently across the market.
    In addition to the responsibilities listed for a Country Compliance Officer:
    Development and oversight of LOC-level people, where applicable
    Support the development and execution of compliance strategy
    Champion creation of a learning organisation which forms an integral part in learning and ensuring similar risks are assessed appropriately elsewhere in GSK,
    Consider the BU enterprise view when developing compliance solutions
    Influence the culture and practices of leaders at a division or function level
    Partner with key leaders and managers in the business and influencing their strategies, risk management processes and strategic decision-making
    Help the business evaluate and agree on its appetite for risk and explore options for proactive and pragmatic mitigation.
    As a key member of governance boards, encourage discussion of relevant, significant risks and ensure that issues and conclusions are escalated upward.
    Ensure governance framework is defined and there is clearly defined links and escalation to and from each governance board within the BU.
    Drive accountability toward greater business transparency, compliance, values based decision making and a robust governance framework which reinforces trust in GSK from customers, business partners and patients.
    Knowledge and Capabilities
    Set Direction and Inspire
    Influences business strategies and activities using strategic thinking and your knowledge of the GSK business, our competitors, the industry and regulators
    Work Across Boundaries
    Develop solutions that apply beyond the direct area of responsibility, potentially pan-BU.
    Sees past the BU/Function silo walls and understands the broader risk management needs of GSK
    Release Energy
    Create an environment that enables teams to perform at its best and builds trust and team spirit to enhance the effectiveness of the group.
    Develop Capability and Talent
    Build a climate which values cross boundary collaboration where teams are encourages to maximise the skills, experience and expertise.
    Develops their teams to ensure they develop the necessary capabilities (soft and technical skills) and proactively manages performance.
    Drive Performance
    Facilitates regional or BU/Function RMCBs and partners the business to establish the agendas.
    Has a deep understanding of business strategies for their part of the organization and other relevant areas of GSK
    Live Our Values:
    An effective and influential leader and a trusted delegate for high level meetings
    Prepares thoughtful and effective communications related to GSK’s risks, ethics and values

  • Program Manager

    Program Manager

    QualificationsEducation and Experience
    Four-year college degree at an accredited university required
    At least 6 years’ relevant experience in program management, operations, event planning, and/or related field
    Experience working in an academic or curriculum management setting preferred
    Experience working with an international organization, university, or corporation preferred
    Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities
    An advanced level of fluent English skills both oral and written
    Advanced knowledge of East African culture, history and business etiquette
    Computer proficiency with skill in using Microsoft Word, PowerPoint and Excel, as well as general IT proficiency (classroom technology, A/V experience)
    Demonstrated ability to establish priorities, manage shifting priorities, and handle numerous time-sensitive projects with multiple deadlines, working independently and collaboratively as appropriate with professional colleagues both within the center and abroad in a team-oriented environment
    Ability to accomplish goals working through formal and informal channels, with diplomacy and tact.
    Ability to work with an international project team
    Strong attention to detail with a high level of accuracy
    Employment Conditions
    Salary will be commensurate with experience.
    At the time of hire must be legally authorized to work in Kenya.
    Must comply with all visa, work authorization, and tax related laws and regulations as a condition of employment.
    Position is benefits eligible subject to applicable Kenya/US laws, regulations and Stanford University policy.

  • Fortification Manager

    Fortification Manager

    Program Description: The Food Fortification Program, a partnership between TechnoServe and Partners in Food Solutions (PFS), aims to increase the compliance rates of private sector food processors against national food fortification mandates, thereby increasing the production of fortified staple foods.
     
    PFS is a non-profit organization linking the technical and business expertise of volunteer employees from General Mills, Cargill, Royal Dutch DSM, Bühler, and the Hershey Company to assist food processors and millers in the developing world.
    Position description: The FM will manage the implementation of the Food Fortification Program at the country level, working within the program resources and mandate to meet the objectives of their country plan.
     
    The FM will establish relationships with food processors and industry stakeholders and identify capacity building needs towards improving industry compliance, he/she will then work with support from PFS experts to define and execute projects that improve processor compliance to fortification standards.
     
    The FM will proactively review, make recommendations and report on programmatic activities to deliver TechnoServe’s strategic plan for Food Fortification in their country and as part of the broader regional program.
    As well as identifying and supporting technical needs of food processors, the FM will also oversee the country team, which includes a senior business advisor (SBA), supporting complementary business needs of assisted food companies.
     
    Business support will include assisting processors with customized business planning, adoption of food fortification and food safety protocols, overseeing market studies, and developing customized processor marketing strategies, business operations and provision of other business advisory services.
     
    As the senior project staff member in country, the FM will oversee the activities of the country, managing the country finances and reporting their country progress; he/she will work in close cooperation with project partners and will receive technical oversight from the Regional Program Director.  
    Technical Duties
    Work with selected companies to identify their challenges to adequate fortification compliance, support assisted companies with solutions to address these challenges and coordinate with experts from PFS partner companies as needed for additional technical advice
    Identify common fortification industry weaknesses and work with partners to support the design and delivery of sector wide training workshops to strengthen these gaps
    Review, monitor, and report on all programmatic activities including periodic progress, and financial reports, ensuring strict compliance with TNS’s objectives, strategies, policies and procedures. Make appropriate recommendations on the implementation plan
    Managerial Duties
    Represent TNS and the fortification program at the country level, meeting with potential partners and stakeholders: food processing company directors and production managers, government institutions and regulators, technical industry experts, service providers and universities, complimentary programs, NGOs and related agencies
    Identify, review and select prospective companies for program support, champion the needs of selected food companies, familiarize them with the program offering and help them navigate the fortification regulation requirements as effectively as possible
    Assist the Regional Program Director and management unit in timely tracking of country expenditures, budget management and forecasting, HR recruiting and country staff management, monitoring and evaluation of program results and the development of country workplans
    Represent the country activities through reports, presentations, hosting of leadership, donor or stakeholder site visits and other communications as required.
    Key Organizational Relationships
    The FM will report directly to the Regional Program Director on strategic issues related to work planning, targets, budgets, staff and program delivery
    The FM will receive technical oversight and support from the PFS Technical Lead with respects to training and technology transfer to assisted companies
    Kenya Country Director to align with country objectives, administrative and compliance requirements and to receive support and assistance from the local office as required
    Regional M&E manager to facilitate data capture and reporting
    Regional program accountant to reconcile program expenses, budget tracking and prepare for upcoming expenses
    Skills and Attributes
    Food processing experience, preferably in staple foods, with an understanding of quality management, food regulatory compliance and fortification technology
    Strong project management and strategic thinking abilities
    Analytical mind and commitment to quality; rigorous approach with a high level of attention to detail.
    Highly level of integrity – present truthful information in an appropriate and helpful matter and keeps confidences
    Core competences required
    Proven ability to work in an environment requiring collaboration with the private sector, government, and national and international organizations
    Strong negotiation and communication skills, both written and verbal
    Flexible, proactive, goal-oriented and with a willingness to travel in challenging environments.
    Ability to work in a multi-cultural environment
    Ability to use initiative, prioritize, multi-task, and work well under pressure to meet deadlines.
    Clear and systematic thinking that demonstrates good judgment, problem solving, and creativity
    Problem solving an decision making
    Organizing, planning and time management
    Team work/relationship – works cooperatively and flexibly with other members of the team with the full understanding of the role to be played as a team member or leader
    Experience, Education and other requirements
    At least 5 years of experience working in the food industry for either the private sector or implementing on behalf of a development program, with strong quality management experience a must
    Managerial experience, including supervision of staff, budget management and use of project management systems
    Bachelor’s in Food Technology, Nutrition, or food industry related fields; Master’s preferred
    Computer literacy with excellent Excel, MS word, Outlook, and PowerPoint skills
    Excellent command of spoken and written English is essential
    Working knowledge of Swahili is highly desirable
    Ability and willingness to travel both locally and abroad

  • Regional General Manager System Administrator

    Regional General Manager System Administrator

    Location: Kisumu. Jobs Role
    The Regional General Manager’s role is for the independent ambitious generalist. A Regional General Manager sits overs Sales, Marketing, Operations, and Finance, with city wide KPIs, Budget and P&L. Regional General Manager reports directly to the CEO and is responsible for all Investor Reports concerning the city.
    General Manager Job Responsibilities
    General Customer Acquisition
    Have full ownership of the business development vertical in Kisumu. Close deals, manage a budget, lead business marketing activities, scale strategy locally, and build/ lead a team.
    Own and lead overarching customer acquisition strategy.
    Manage deal pipeline and source new potential business deals by contacting potential partners; discovering and exploring opportunities.
    Help develop and improve products and services by researching industry competitors, publications, and announcements.
    Support marketing activities for the company including golf tournaments, mall promotions, networking drinks, door to door sales, business fairs, etc.
    Spearhead B2C marketing strategies and coordinate actions to influence the market.
    Manage Partnership Proposals and maintain the timelines for the proposal drafting process.
    Communicate new product developments to clients and prospective clients.
    Business Clients
    Strategize and lead all business client acquisition activities. Take full ownership and responsibility of finding, negotiating, and closing business deals in Kisumu.
    Develop strategy for acquiring traditional business clients in Kisumu.
    Lead all Business Client acquisitions. Bring in the expansion team to negotiations only on very unique cases.
    Follow up on all business leads which come into the company and set up meetings.
    Oversee and carry out all business client acquisition activities.
    Plan and prepare business presentations and proposals.
    Partner (Rider & Driver) Recruitment
    Requires strong interpersonal skills and a social personality. This person will be responsible for managing the rider operations in the city as well as acquisition, including field prospecting to meet and engage new riders/drivers.
    Sourcing, recruiting, onboarding and training of partners on to the platform.
    Work side-by-side with the operations team to maintain an adequate number of online riders/drivers in Kisumu.
    Maintain onboarding pipeline and database of all riders/drivers and contracts.
    Gathering key rider documentation and requirements in line with the company’s signup policies.
    Following up on inquiries and referrals from riders/drivers.
    Operations and Dispatch Management
    Responsible for dispatch and monitoring of orders real time and resolving issues in a timely manner to ensure optimal customer experience.
    Continual training and support for existing riders on the company platform.
    Monitoring standards and customer service levels, ensuring partners represent the brand well.
    Monitoring partner metrics including daily and monthly targets set by management.
    Identifying key partner issues and offering creative and effective solutions in a timely manner.
    Branch management and expansion.
    Any other duty that may be assigned by CEO or senior management
    KPI reporting and line management
    Responsible for monthly reporting, setting and meeting Profit & Loss targets and qualitative objectives, as well as ad-hoc requests to Nairobi HQ.
    Performance evaluation and management of Kisumu Business Development and Operations colleagues.
    Daily monitoring and recording of targets set by management.
    Investor reporting on all Kisumu initiatives, metrics, and costs.
    Management of city team: Operations, Sales, Marketing.
    Qualifications for the General Manager Job
    Bachelor Degree in Business, Sales, or Economics. Masters or MBA strongly preferred
    Advance knowledge in Google Suite and preparing presentations
    Demonstrated success in negotiating, cultivating and growing partnerships across all levels and sectors, problem solving and issue resolution.
    7+ year’s management experience in Logistics, e-commerce, entrepreneurial or related industry.
    Cross-functional team management and successful KPI performance viewed favorably.
    Outstanding communication skills, oral and written, technical and non-technical.
    Excellent team player with strong leadership capability.
    Clear knowledge of Kisumu and its environment.
    Must be comfortable in fast-paced, deadline-driven environment.
    go to method of application »

  • Field Investigations Officer

    Field Investigations Officer

    ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS FOR APPLICANTS:
    Ability to adapt to pressure and stress
    Strong ability to think creatively and outside of the box
    Self-sufficient, independent and able to travel alone in new regions
    Strong resilience and perseverance until results are achieved
    Experience in volunteering and strong personal value system and non-conformism
    Some experience of living, travelling or working in Africa and outside it, liking diversity
    Strong desire to effect change in society
    Ability to speak French and English
    The Field Investigations Officer is a new position in the Central Coordination Unit. His/her role is to elevate the field investigations level in each project, develop new trust building methods and field investigations techniques and ensure the professional level of investigators in the Network.
    Specifically the duties of the Field Investigations Officer are: Safety and security of investigators
    Elevating quality of investigations across the network
    Innovation in field investigation methods
    Ensure members adhere to the Operational Procedures Manual investigation methods
    Issue new procedures in Operational Procedures Manual and ensure assimilation
    Open source internet investigations
    Ensure appropriate investigation equipment is available for each member
    Direct training in-country
    Daily advise and trouble-shooting for members
    Coaching and backstopping for members
    Identifying gaps in member projects and supporting solutions
    Coordinating exchange of investigators
    Developing foreign investigators solutions for in-country work with members
    Assist Network Investigations Officer, where needs be

  • Center of Excellence Programme Manager

    Center of Excellence Programme Manager

    We’re looking for someone who is
    Comfortable working collaboratively as part of a small, dynamic, international team
    Passionate about CPF’s model and approach
    Willing to try things and do things differently
    Adaptable and entrepreneurial, with a can-do approach and committed to going above and beyond the role’s on-paper remit to ensure success.
    Programme Manager Job Key Roles
    Coordination of programme activities
    Development and monitoring of the programme’s brand and service consistency across partners
    Driving demand from current and new customers for training services offered in the programme
    Supporting the CPF strategy focus with Producer partners, farmers, women and youth
    Supporting farmer led inperson and digital systems in the programme
    Development of the programme’s business model
    Linking the Latin America and Africa partners to develop the programme’s network internationally
    Line management responsibilities
    Programme Manager Job Qualifications
    Motivated by CPF’s mission to work with smallholders in Africa and Latin America to develop innovative solutions to the challenges they face.
    A strong undergraduate degree (Business Management, Project Management, Development, Environment, Economics, Social Science etc)
    Knowledge of Farmer led approach and familiarity with smallholder farming systems and agricultural sector
    Some working experience, paid or un-paid in the public or private sector – preferably within the NGO or development sector
    Strong planning and organization skills, including the ability to organize workshops and meetings.
    Ability to be a self-starter and work independently, including in occasional situations where support systems and/or contact with the CPF team in the UK is minimal.
    Line management skills.
    Industry, initiative, enthusiasm and passion for international development
    Excellent English and Kiswahili language communication skills, written and oral
    Adaptability and flexibility
    Excellent IT Skills, particularly Word, Excel, Powerpoint and Access Applications

  • Program Associate

    Program Associate

    Program Associate Job Responsibilities
    Data Analysis
    Assist the YieldWise Director in ensuring the strategic direction of the Initiative through the use of data and analytical thinking to monitor progress towards targets, make any adjustments to implementation as needed, and strategically plan for future waves of work.
    Provide analytical support to enable day-to-day, data, and evidence-based discussions, decision-making and adaptive management
    Process and analyze data collected from multiple sources to test key assumptions, synthesize key insights, and identify implications for initiative strategy and operations
    Facilitate information flow through proper monitoring of business processes, preparing high-level summary reports, and ensuring progress towards delivery of agreed results
    Work closely with the M&E team to modify YieldWise M&E agenda in response to lessons learned
    Use information from environmental scanning, and other sources, to identify trends and opportunities for the Initiative
    Strategic Planning
    Assist in establishing and/or refining effective mechanisms for strategic planning, target-setting, monitoring, risk management and timely reporting, including the use of an operational dashboard and other means
    Assist Initiative team with target setting and yearly planning, including resource management, tracking both budget and grant-making, and timely responses to internal reporting requirements, queries, and deadlines
    Conduct risk assessment and mitigation planning in collaboration with Initiative team
    Conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses to inform decision-making within the Initiative, including landscape and market analysis, option analysis, and systems mapping
    Provide general strategic and planning support to the Initiative.
    Knowledge Management: Drawing from knowledge being generated by Initiative’s partners, ensure facilitation of knowledge building and management focusing on achievement
    Develop, implement and optimize the initiative’s knowledge management infrastructure
    Engage with Rockefeller Foundation’s M&E and Communications teams to generate knowledge practices, products and reports for a range of audiences (e.g. Senior Leadership, the Foundation’s Board of Trustees, grantees, peers, learning forums and the Foundation Website)
    Synthesize insights, best practices, and lessons learnt gleaned from the data for both internal and external purposes.
    Ensure strategic support in structuring sessions of YieldWise Partners convenings, including key areas to be discussed and addressed, and bi-lateral and multi-lateral meetings to be held with description of areas to be discussed and followed-up.
    Competencies for Success
    In addition to the below competencies, successful candidates will be action-oriented, entrepreneurial self-starters, with the ability to work independently as well as in teams. You will also embody exemplary communication skills, sound, mature judgment and integrity, commitment to The Rockefeller Foundation’s mission and Core Values – effectiveness, equity, integrity, innovation and leadership.
    Leadership: Proven ability to manage towards and successfully realize outcomes-based projects.
    Partnership and Relationship Building: Ability to engage with a diverse range of stakeholders.
    Strategic and Decision-Making Ability: Ability to identify trends in dynamic, complex systems across a wide range of content domains and to evaluate opportunities and risks using analytical and problem-solving skills. Comfort operating with a hypothesis-driven approach.
    Execution: Strong project management skills, deadline management, sense of responsibility and accountability and the ability to effectively multi-task.
    Communications: High level of comfort communicating to diverse audiences. Able to understand stakeholder needs and tailor information for them.
    Qualifications for the Program Associate Job
    At least 5 years of experience in data analysis, strategic planning and/or monitoring and evaluation
    A firm understanding of the agricultural sector in sub-Sahara Africa is a plus
    Entrepreneurial and strategic mindset to spot critical issues, leverage points, opportunities, challenges, and required choices
    Ability to synthesize and visualize data and information in a compelling way, customizing it for a range of audiences, including the YieldWise team, the Executive team, and Board
    Exceptional commitment to accuracy and attention to detail
    An appetite for and sensitivity to working with and in diverse cultures

  • CHIEF OF PARTY – Kenya Investment Mechanism

    CHIEF OF PARTY – Kenya Investment Mechanism

    The successful candidate will have an opportunity to work with one of the world’s largest USAID-Focused development consultancies. Join Cardno in making a difference in Kenya. We are seeking a World-Class Chief of Party (COP) candidate to lead our multinational team in one of Kenya’s largest and most ambitious efforts to mobilize finance for small businesses. We are looking for a team-builder and an innovator who will work with financial institutions, development partners, and enterprises to overcome financing constraints and support the Government of Kenya in achieving the Vision 2030 goals. The successful candidate will have an opportunity to work with one of the world’s largest development consultancies and a high-caliber USAID-client team, pioneering initiatives that will mobilize up to $1bn in business finance.
    The purpose of the anticipated USAID-funded Kenya Investment Mechanism program is to promote private sector growth for development gains. In simplified terms, the effort looks to identify small business (and larger when applicable) and entrepreneurs, and mobilize all forms of capital with technical assistance and transaction advisory services–both by itself and in partnership with other USAID programming–to seed enterprise growth at scale. The intended project will promote private sector growth through a comprehensive and integrated focus on finance, investment, entrepreneurship, and innovation to support the objectives of the United States Presidential Initiatives including: agriculture’s Feed the Future (FTF), Power Africa, Trade Africa, and Global Climate Change, as well as the USAID’s Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH); Resilience; and Enhancing Capacity for Low Emissions Development Strategies (EC-LEDS) funded by USAID. The program budget is anticipated to be approximately $50-75 million over five years.
    The Chief of Party (COP) will be responsible for assuring that all assistance provided is technically sound and appropriate for the needs to be addressed and for adequately managing and supervising the work of all organizations and individuals engaged under the project while in country. Additionally, the COP will be expected to play a leading and substantive role in developing and implementing all activities; s/he shall be the lead person for Cardno in liaising with the donor staff, institutions, and client country partners to exchange information and develop professional relationships.
    The COP should have strategic vision, leadership qualities, technical expertise, professional reputation, management experience, and interpersonal skills to fulfill the diverse managerial requirements of the project. The COP will manage the technical teams, ensuring coordination of goals and efforts across the entire project effort. Administrative and technical support will be provided by our Washington DC and Nairobi offices.
    Qualifications for the Chief of Party Job
    Minimum 10 years of experience implementing and managing donor-funded projects in private sector development and access to finance;
    Prior experience working with commercial banks, impact and equity investors in a developing country context in support of poverty alleviation;
    Knowledge of financing tactics and investment patterns for SMEs in the target sectors (Agriculture, Energy, Trade, Climate Change, Water, Sanitation) and experience working with the commercial banking sector in East Africa strongly preferred;
    Experience with PPP structures and frameworks
    Experience in E. Africa required; experience in Kenya preferred
    Prior experience managing donor projects required; USAID experience preferred
    Excellent written and oral communications skills required
    Experience in monitoring and evaluation
    Master’s Degree in a relevant subject (MBA, MA in Business, Economics, International Development, etc.) or 15+ years of relevant experience
    Fluency in English required; Kiswahili capability desired
    Kenyan or expatriate professionals encouraged to apply